⚡ Critical Differences from TI Calculator
📊
Rate as decimal: Enter 8% as 0.08, not 8
📉
Signs still matter: Cash out = negative, cash in = positive
⚠️
=NPV is different: Starts at Period 1, not Period 0!
📅
Type parameter: 0 = end of period (default), 1 = beginning
Core TVM Functions
=PV( )
Calculate present value of future cash flows
=FV( )
Calculate future value of investments
=PMT( )
Calculate loan payments or savings deposits
=RATE( )
Calculate interest rate / return
=NPER( )
Calculate number of periods
=EFFECT( )
Convert APR to effective annual rate
Capital Budgeting Functions
=NPV( )
Net present value of future cash flows
=IRR( )
Internal rate of return
=XNPV( )
NPV with specific dates
=XIRR( )
IRR with specific dates
Bond & Loan Functions
=IPMT( )
Interest portion of a loan payment
=PPMT( )
Principal portion of a loan payment
=PRICE( )
Bond price given yield
=YIELD( )
Bond yield given price
Quick Reference
| Function | Purpose | Key Parameters |
|---|---|---|
| =PV() | Present value | rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [type] |
| =FV() | Future value | rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type] |
| =PMT() | Payment amount | rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type] |
| =RATE() | Interest rate | nper, pmt, pv, [fv], [type] |
| =NPER() | Number of periods | rate, pmt, pv, [fv], [type] |
| =NPV() | Net present value | rate, value1, [value2]... + CF0! |
| =IRR() | Internal rate of return | values (including CF0), [guess] |
| =XNPV() | NPV with dates | rate, values, dates |
| =XIRR() | IRR with dates | values, dates, [guess] |
| =EFFECT() | APR to EAR | nominal_rate, npery |